field trial to investigate of the postpartum uterine infection and its susceptibility to the antibiotics

This study aimed to investigate the postpartum [P.P.] uterine infection in daii'y cattle and the more susceptible antibiotic treatment. This study was carried out in large commercial imported Holstein-Friesian dairy farm. The animals were classified according to the reproductive status during the postpartum period into three groups. Group [I]: [26 cows] represents control animals which exhibited normal spontaneous birth without any birth help and didn't develop any clinical disorders. The drop of fetal membranes occurred within the first 12 houis after calving. The lochia was normal in color 8 odor and within the normal range in amount. Group [II]: [9 cows] Suffered from dystocia due to abnormal fetal alignment with retained fetal membranes [>I2 hrs PP]. Group [Ill]: [8 cows] with post partum uterine infections [abnormal puerperium]. The cows were examined from the late stages of pregnancy to the end of puerperuim period to determine the types of bacterial infection of the postpartum period. The prevalent ostpartem peridf er00obic bacteria isolated from the normal cows were E.coli [30.8%] Streptfaecalis [15.3%], Staph. aureus [31.5%] and Arcanobacterium [Actinomyces] pyogenes [7.7%]. The isolated bacteria rom cows with Retained placenta were E.coli [89%], Arcanobacterium [Actinomyces] pyogenes [33%], Strept. faecalis [33%] Staph. aureus [22%], Staph. pidermidis [22%] and Proteus vulgaris [11%]. while those for cows with disturbed puerperium were Arcanobacterlurn [Actinomyces] pyogenes [87.5%], E.coli [75%], Staph. aureus [50%], Staph. epidermidis [50%], Proteus vulgaris [37.5%] and Strept. faecalis [25%]. The most common bacteria isolated frequently from the postpartum uterine disorders are E.coli and Arcanobacterium [Actinomyces] pyogenes. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests indicated that Actinomyces pyogenes can be resistant to the common antimicrobial agents [tetracycline, penicillin, enrofloxacin and ceftiofur] used for intrauterine treatment in the practice field to treatment P.P. Uterine infection. While, E.coli isolates were sensitive to [enrofloxacin and ceftiofur], but they were resistant to [tetracycline and oxytetracycline]. It could be concluded that the most prevalent bacterial infection in postpartum dairy cattle were E. coli, Staph. aureus and Actinomyces pyogenes. While the most suscepible antidotic were anrofloxacin and ceftiofur

Prognostic significance of hypercoagulability in acute Ischemic stroke

Considerable evidences suggest an important role for hypercoagulability as a contributor to stroke outcome. The levels of many hemostatic markers change at the onset of stroke, howevere, it is still unsetteled whether those abnormalities pre-existant O. secondary to the acute event. This prospective study was undertaken in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of the hemostatic markers; beta-thromboglobulin [beta TG], fibrinopeptide-A [FPA] and protein-C [PC] activity.40 consecutive ischemic stroke patients were included during the first 48 hours of the onset. Stroke clinical examination scale [SCES] and CT brain scan were assessed. In order to assay the hemostatic markers, blood samples were drawn within 48 hours, after one week and after six weeks of the stroke onset. Plasma were prepared and tested for platelet activation, signed by beta TG and coagulation activation signed by FPA and PC activity. For comparison, 20 patients with nonvascular diseases were tested for these markers. Within 48 hours of the stroke onset significant elevation of betaTG and FPA associated with significant decrease of PC activity was observed in stroke patients compared to the controls. Observable reduction of betaTG and FP A with gradual elevation of PC activity occurred after one week. Further reduction of betaTG and FPA, and increase of PC activity occurred after six weeks of the stroke onset. Moreover, marked activation of the platelet and coagulation system was observed among patients who had severe stroke, extensive infarction as well as those who died during the study in comparison to patients with less severe stroke, small sized infarction and the survivors respectively. In conclusion, marked activation of platelet and coagulation occurs in the acute phase of ischemic stroke with subsequent decreament. The initial changes are more obvious in the patients with extensive infarction and poor prognosis. This may rise the importance of the hemostatic markers; betaTG, FPA and PC activity as prognostic factors rather than factors contributing only, to the thrombotic event